Advanced Verbal Periphrases

Acabar de, dejar de, ponerse a, echarse a, ir + gerund, venir + gerund and more combinations.

Periphrasis = auxiliary verb + connector + main verb

Spanish has dozens of verb combinations that create new meanings. The auxiliary verb conjugates; the main verb stays as infinitive or gerund.

Beginning of action (incoative)

PeriphrasisMeaningExample
empezar a + infto begin toEmpezó a llover. (It began to rain.)
ponerse a + infto suddenly startSe puso a llorar. (He burst into tears.)
echarse a + infto burst into (sudden)Se echó a reír. (She burst out laughing.)
romper a + infto suddenly start (dramatic)Rompió a llorar. (He broke down crying.)

End / interruption of action

PeriphrasisMeaningExample
dejar de + infto stop doingDejó de fumar. (He stopped smoking.)
acabar de + infto have just doneAcabo de llegar. (I just arrived.)
terminar de + infto finish doingTerminé de leer. (I finished reading.)
parar de + infto stop doingNo para de hablar. (He doesn't stop talking.)

Repetition and continuation

PeriphrasisMeaningExample
volver a + infto do againVolvió a llamar. (He called again.)
seguir + gerto keep doingSigue lloviendo. (It keeps raining.)
llevar + time + gerhave been doing forLlevo dos horas esperando.
andar + gerto go around doingAnda buscando trabajo. (He's going around looking for work.)

Progressive / gradual action

PeriphrasisMeaningExample
ir + gergradual progressionLos precios van subiendo. (Prices keep going up.)
venir + gerhas been (until now)Vengo diciendo esto hace tiempo. (I've been saying this for a while.)
estar a punto de + infabout toEstoy a punto de salir. (I'm about to leave.)

Obligation and possibility

Quick reference

Tener que + inf = have to (strong) | Deber + inf = should (moral)
Hay que + inf = one must (impersonal) | Poder + inf = can/may
Soler + inf = usually do | Saber + inf = know how to

These periphrases work in all tenses — just conjugate the auxiliary!

Empezó a llover. (preterite) | Empezaba a llover. (imperfect)
Dejó de fumar. (past) | Dejará de fumar. (future)
Volvería a hacerlo. (conditional)

Quick quiz

1. Se _____ a llorar. (burst into tears — sudden)

2. Se _____ a reír. (burst out laughing)

3. _____ de fumar hace un año. (stopped)

4. _____ de llegar. (I just arrived.)

5. _____ a llamar ayer. (called again)

6. Los precios van _____. (gradually increasing)

7. No _____ de hablar. (doesn't stop talking)

8. Estoy _____ de salir. (about to leave)

9. _____ buscando trabajo. (going around looking)

10. _____ lloviendo. (It keeps raining.)

Explore more Spanish resources

Free tools for translation, text-to-speech and language learning.

Learn Spanish HubTranslator