Spanish for Legal Situations

Police, court, contracts, rights. Navigate legal matters in a Spanish-speaking country.

Legal vocabulary

SpanishEnglish
el abogado/alawyer
el juez / la juezajudge
el tribunal / juzgadocourt
la leylaw
el derechoright (legal)
la demandalawsuit
el contratocontract
la multafine
el testigowitness
la pruebaevidence
la sentenciaverdict / sentence
culpable / inocenteguilty / innocent

With the police

Your rights and common interactions

Tengo derecho a un abogado. (I have the right to a lawyer.)
Tengo derecho a un intérprete. (I have the right to an interpreter.)
¿De qué se me acusa? (What am I being accused of?)
No entiendo. Necesito un intérprete. (I don't understand. I need an interpreter.)
¿Puedo llamar a mi embajada? (Can I call my embassy?)
Quiero hablar con mi abogado. (I want to speak with my lawyer.)

Contracts and documents

Key contract terms

firmar = to sign | la firma = signature
la cláusula = clause | las condiciones = terms
la letra pequeña = fine print
el plazo = deadline / term | la penalización = penalty
rescisión del contrato = contract termination
Lea antes de firmar. (Read before signing.)

Common legal phrases

Useful in various legal contexts

Quiero poner una denuncia. (I want to file a complaint/report.)
¿Necesito un abogado para esto? (Do I need a lawyer for this?)
Quiero reclamar. (I want to make a claim.)
Es ilegal. (It's illegal.)
¿Cuáles son mis derechos? (What are my rights?)
Tengo un seguro. (I have insurance.)

Traffic violations

If you get stopped

Su carnet de conducir, por favor. (Your driver's license, please.)
Iba a 120 en zona de 80. (You were doing 120 in an 80 zone.)
Le vamos a poner una multa. (We're going to give you a fine.)
Ha dado positivo en el control de alcoholemia. (You tested positive in the breath test.)

Quick quiz

1. Lawyer = _____.

2. I have the right to = Tengo _____ a...

3. Witness = _____.

4. To sign = _____.

5. Fine print = letra _____.

6. Guilty = _____.

7. I want to file a report = Quiero poner una _____.

8. Evidence = _____.

9. Contract termination = _____ del contrato.

10. What are my rights? = ¿Cuáles son mis _____?

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