Tricky Spanish Gender Rules

El agua, la mano, el mapa. Nouns that break the rules and how to handle them.

Feminine nouns that use EL (not la!)

Feminine nouns starting with stressed A/HA use EL — but they're STILL feminine!

el agua (water) — but: las aguas, el agua fría (feminine adjective!)
el águila (eagle) — but: las águilas, el águila negra
el alma (soul) — but: las almas
el hambre (hunger) — but: mucha hambre (feminine!)
el aula (classroom) — but: las aulas
el arma (weapon) — but: las armas

WHY? To avoid the awkward "la a-" sound clash

la agua sounds bad → el agua sounds better
But: la amiga is fine (stress is on -mi-, not on a-)
Rule: only when the A/HA is STRESSED: el águila, but la araña

Common masculine surprises (nouns in -a that are masculine)

WordGenderWhy
el problemaMasculineGreek origin (-ma)
el sistemaMasculineGreek origin (-ma)
el temaMasculineGreek origin (-ma)
el programaMasculineGreek origin (-ma)
el mapaMasculineGreek origin
el díaMasculineLatin origin
el sofáMasculineArabic origin
el climaMasculineGreek origin (-ma)

Common feminine surprises (nouns in -o that are feminine)

WordGender
la manoFeminine (most important exception!)
la radioFeminine (short for radiodifusión)
la fotoFeminine (short for fotografía)
la motoFeminine (short for motocicleta)

Gender changes meaning!

MasculineFeminine
el capital (money/capital)la capital (capital city)
el orden (order/arrangement)la orden (command/order)
el frente (front/battlefront)la frente (forehead)
el cura (priest)la cura (cure)
el papa (the Pope)la papa (potato — Latin America)
el cometa (comet)la cometa (kite)

Quick quiz

1. El agua is actually _____ gender.

2. El problema is _____.

3. La mano is _____.

4. El mapa is _____.

5. El día is _____.

6. El capital = money. La capital = _____.

7. El cura = priest. La cura = _____.

8. La foto is feminine because it's short for _____.

9. "El águila negra" — negra is feminine because águila is _____.

10. Greek -ma words are usually _____.

Explore more Spanish resources

Free tools for translation, text-to-speech and language learning.

Learn Spanish HubTranslator