Tú vs Usted

Formal and informal you. When to use each, plus vos and vosotros.

Tú = informal. Usted = formal.

Tú (informal)Usted (formal)
Verb form2nd person singular3rd person singular
Example¿Cómo estás?¿Cómo está usted?
Possessivetu casasu casa
Object pronountele / lo / la
AbbreviationUd. / Vd.

When to use each

Use TÚ with:

Friends and peers
Family members
Children
People your age in casual settings
Pets
Online and social media

Use USTED with:

Strangers (especially older)
Elderly people
Authorities (police, judges)
Doctors, professors
Job interviews
Customer service (often)

Vos — the third option (Latin America)

Vos replaces tú in Argentina, Uruguay, Central America

tienes → Vos tenés
puedes → Vos podés
hablas → Vos hablás
Verb stress shifts to last syllable. Understood everywhere, used regionally.

Ustedes vs Vosotros

Spain: vosotros (informal plural) vs ustedes (formal plural)

¿Vosotros queréis ir? (Do you all want to go? — friends, Spain)
¿Ustedes quieren ir? (Do you all want to go? — formal, Spain)
Latin America: ustedes for everything — no vosotros at all.

Tips for learners

When in doubt, start with usted

It's better to be too formal than too informal. The other person will say "tutéame" (use tú with me) if they prefer tú. In a work setting, follow the lead of locals.

Quick quiz

1. To a friend: ¿Cómo _____?

2. To an elderly stranger: ¿Cómo _____?

3. Usted uses which verb form?

4. "Your house" (formal) = _____ casa.

5. In Latin America, "you all" = _____.

6. Vos tenés is used in _____.

7. When in doubt, start with _____.

8. "Tú hablas" with vos becomes _____.

9. Vosotros is used in _____.

10. If someone says "tutéame", they want you to use _____.

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