Advanced Preposition Uses

A, de, en beyond basics. Verbs that change preposition vs English. Common mistakes.

A — beyond "to"

UseExample
Direction/destinationVoy a Madrid.
TimeA las tres. (At three.)
Personal aVeo a María.
MannerA pie. (On foot.) / A mano. (By hand.)
Rate/frequencyDos veces a la semana. (Twice a week.)
DistanceA 5 km de aquí. (5 km from here.)
al + infinitiveAl llegar, comí. (Upon arriving, I ate.)

DE — beyond "of/from"

UseExample
OriginSoy de México.
PossessionEl libro de Juan.
MaterialUna mesa de madera. (A wooden table.)
ContentsUna taza de café. (A cup of coffee.)
Time (from)De 9 a 5. (From 9 to 5.)
Topic (about)Habla de política. (He talks about politics.)
SuperlativeEl mejor de la clase. (The best in the class.)
ProfessionTrabaja de camarero. (Works as a waiter.)

EN — beyond "in"

UseExample
LocationEstoy en casa.
TransportVoy en coche / avión / tren.
Time periodEn verano. (In summer.) / En 2025.
LanguageEn español. (In Spanish.)
Thinking aboutPienso en ti. (I think about you.)
Good/bad atEs bueno en matemáticas. (Good at math.)

Common mistakes with prepositions

English "in" ≠ always "en"

In the morning = por la mañana (NOT en la mañana — though used in Latin America)
In the street = en la calle ✓
In love = enamorado de (NOT en amor)

English "on" has no single equivalent

On the table = en/sobre la mesa
On Monday = el lunes (article, not preposition!)
On TV = en la tele
On foot = a pie

English "at" has no single equivalent

At home = en casa
At 3 o'clock = a las tres
At the party = en la fiesta
Good at = bueno en

Verbs that change preposition vs English

Spanish doesn't always match English prepositions

Dream about → Soñar con (with, not about)
Depend on → Depender de (of, not on)
Think about → Pensar en (in, not about)
Consist of → Consistir en (in, not of)
Marry (someone) → Casarse con (with)
Look forBuscar (no preposition!)
Wait forEsperar (no preposition!)
Listen toEscuchar (no preposition!)

Quick quiz

1. Voy _____ coche. (by car)

2. Una mesa _____ madera. (material)

3. Pienso _____ ti. (think about)

4. Sueño _____ viajar. (dream about/of)

5. El mejor _____ la clase. (superlative: in)

6. Dos veces _____ la semana. (per week)

7. "Look for" = buscar. It needs _____ preposition.

8. Casarse _____ alguien. (marry someone)

9. On Monday = _____ lunes.

10. _____ llegar, comí. (upon arriving)

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